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Japan's newly elected prime minister, Sanae Takaichi, is ready to face her first major diplomatic examination as she engages with ex-President Donald Trump for high-stakes negotiations in Tokyo.

The agenda of their meeting is likely to focus on trade and security matters, representing a pivotal moment for Tokyo's ties with its powerful ally.

A Notable Premiership and International Debut

Takaichi, who just became Japan's initial woman leader after winning the leadership of the governing LDP, made her global introduction at the recent Asean meeting.

But, her forthcoming meeting with the former president is regarded as the true challenge that will set the tone for future two-way cooperation.

Handling Domestic and International Pressures

The prime minister confronts a possibly shaky political situation, having formed a partnership that leaves her two seats away of a majority in the influential lower house of the Diet.

Consequently, her government will rely on opposition lawmakers to approve legislation, adding a element of complexity to her leadership.

Common Perspectives and Differing Policies

She holds Trump's suspicion of Chinese military presence in the region, but both countries have faced issues from Trump's "US-first" economic policies.

Lately, Trump oversaw a ceasefire deal between Thai and Cambodia authorities during the first leg of his Asian tour.

Defense Build-up and Spending Commitments

The leader has stated her determination to speed up Japan's military build-up, planning to raise military spending to two percent of GDP by the close of the fiscal year.

This step matches a long-held demand from Trump and represents the largest military buildup for the nation since the WWII.

Security Cooperation and Tensions

Japan has also moved to acquire "counterstrike" abilities, including cruise missiles from the US, and plans to deploy locally made longer-range systems.

But, the two-way security treaty remains a point of tension, with the former president earlier stating that the nation should contribute more for hosting US troops on its soil.

Trade Expectations and Negotiations

Not many expect significant concessions on trade matters this week, particularly after recent duty changes offered some ease to Japan's export sector.

Takaichi is expected to pursue further benefits by committing to increased purchases of US goods, including vehicles, agricultural produce, and gas.

Individual Rapport and the Abe Connection

The value Trump attributes to individual rapport could work in the PM's advantage, given her strong relationship with the late ex-leader Abe, who was one of Trump's preferred international figures.

He was the first international leader to visit Trump after his victory, and the two developed a close bond over mutual interests such as the sport.

Upcoming Agenda and Regional Significance

The former president's visit to the country will start with a meeting with the Emperor at the royal residence in Tokyo.

This will be succeeded by talks with the PM at the state guest house, the very venue where he met with the former leader in previous years.

Afterward, the former president will travel to South Korea for the APEC meeting, where he is set to meet China's president Xi Jinping.